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Class 10 · Physics

Bend a light ray

Interactive explanation Gamified quiz, feedback & rewards

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NCERT chapter connection · Learning goals & preparation

By the end, you can…

  • Explain sin r = sin i / n (air ≈ 1)
  • Change one input at a time and predict its effect before checking the model.
  • Apply the relationship in a quiz and explain the reasoning behind your answer.

Useful preparation: Units, measurement and proportional reasoning.

Science · Light – Reflection and Refraction
NCERT Science · reprint 2025–26. This activity explores part of the chapter; it does not replace the textbook. Open official NCERT reference ↗

Hands-on explainer · Class 10

Bend a light ray

Class 10
Air · n ≈ 1Material · n = 1.5Normali = 45°r ≈ 28.13°
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The relationshipsin r = sin i / n (air ≈ 1)
01 · How to explore

Make the idea your own

  1. 1Locate the normal before measuring angles.
  2. 2Change the incident angle and follow the two rays.
  3. 3Keep the incident angle fixed and increase the material index.
02 · Take it further

Explain the experiment

When the goal is met: The refracted angle is about 35.3°, smaller than the 60° incident angle: the ray bends towards the normal.